The expansion of the economy in the United States from the end of World War II through the first decades of the 21st century has seen the pay of top corporate executives far outpace improvement in the personal income of typical wage-earners. "In the 1950s," Forbes magazine has reported, "a typical CEO made 20 times...Read More

Present-day whistleblower protections for federal contractor employees under federal law serve the same underlying purpose as the federal False Claims Act — as an instrument for uncovering fraud, waste and abuse in government operations. The protections have evolved, however. In contrast to the False Claims Act (which dates from the era of the Civil War),...Read More

The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act [(herein, the “IDEA” or the “Act”)], 20 U.S.C. §§1400–1491, is designed to ensure the provision of “a free appropriate public education” to children with disabilities. 20 U.S.C. §1400(d). To reach this goal, Congress provides federal funding to the states, on the condition the recipient states must implement specific policies...Read More

Where a parent of a child with a suspected educational disability disagrees with a local educational agency either on a determination regarding the child's eligibility for special education services, or on the scope or particulars of a proposed plan of services resulting from the agency's evaluation, a federal statute provides procedural safeguards for the benefit...Read More

For decades, investor-owned utilities functioned as vertically-integrated, regulated monopolies providing electricity. Firms charged “bundled” rates to furnish end-users with all three components of electric power service - - generation, transmission, and the retail provision of power. Energy shortages, improvements in technology, and shifting economics, however, propelled forward a wave of laws by the mid- to...Read More